-
1 three line theorem
Математика: теорема о трёх прямых -
2 three line theorem
-
3 theorem
- analytical hierarchy theorem - arithmetical hierarchy theorem - closed range theorem - formally provable theorem - implicit function theorem - initial value theorem - integral representation theorem - local limit theorem - maximal ergodic theorem - mean value theorem - normal form theorem - ratio limit theorem - rational root theorem - second mean value theorem - theorem of consistency proofs - theorem of corresponding states - three line theorem - three series theorem - uniform convergence theorem - uniform ergodic theorem - uniform mean value theoremtheorem implies — из теоремы следует, что…
-
4 теорема о трёх прямых
Mathematics: three line theoremУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > теорема о трёх прямых
-
5 Wöhler, August
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 22 June 1819 Soltau, Germanyd. 21 June 1914 Hannover, Germany[br]German railway engineer who first established the fatigue fracture of metals.[br]Wöhler, the son of a schoolteacher, was born at Soltau on the Luneburg Heath and received his early education at his father's school, where his mathematical abilities soon became apparent. He completed his studies at the Technical High School, Hannover.In 1840 he obtained a position at the Borsig Engineering Works in Berlin and acquired there much valuable experience in railway technology. He trained as an engine driver in Belgium and in 1843 was appointed as an engineer to the first Hannoverian Railway, then being constructed between Hannover and Lehrte. In 1847 he became Chief Superintendent of rolling stock on the Lower Silesian-Brandenhurg Railway, where his technical abilities influenced the Prussian Minister of Commerce to appoint him to a commission set up to investigate the reasons for the unusually high incidence of axle failures then being encountered on the railways. This was in 1852, and by 1854, when the Brandenburg line had been nationalized, Wöhler had already embarked on the long, systematic programme of mechanical testing which eventually provided him with a clear insight into the process of what is now referred to as "fatigue failure". He concentrated initially on the behaviour of machined iron and steel specimens subjected to fluctuating direct, bending and torsional stresses that were imposed by testing machines of his own design.Although Wöhler was not the first investigator in this area, he was the first to recognize the state of "fatigue" induced in metals by the repeated application of cycles of stress at levels well below those that would cause immediate failure. His method of plotting the fatigue stress amplitude "S" against the number of stress cycles necessary to cause failure "N" yielded the well-known S-N curve which described very precisely the susceptibility to fatigue failure of the material concerned. Engineers were thus provided with an invaluable testing technique that is still widely used in the 1990s.Between 1851 and 1898 Wöhler published forty-two papers in German technical journals, although the importance of his work was not initially fully appreciated in other countries. A display of some of his fracture fatigue specimens at the Paris Exposition in 1867, however, stimulated a short review of his work in Engineering in London. Four years later, in 1871, Engineering published a series of nine articles which described Wöhler's findings in considerable detail and brought them to the attention of engineers. Wöhler became a member of the newly created management board of the Imperial German Railways in 1874, an appointment that he retained until 1889. He is also remembered for his derivation in 1855 of a formula for calculating the deflections under load of lattice girders, plate girders, and other continuous beams resting on more than two supports. This "Three Moments" theorem appeared two years before Clapeyron independently advanced the same expression. Wöhler's other major contribution to bridge design was to use rollers at one end to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.[br]Bibliography1855, "Theorie rechteckiger eiserner Brückenbalken", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 5:122–66. 1870, "Über die Festigkeitversuche mit Eisen und Stahl", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 20:73– 106.Wöhler's experiments on the fatigue of metals were reported in Engineering (1867) 2:160; (1871) 11:199–200, 222, 243–4, 261, 299–300, 326–7, 349–50, 397, 439–41.Further ReadingR.Blaum, 1918, "August Wöhler", Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie 8:35–55.——1925, "August Wöhler", Deutsches biographisches Jahrbuch, Vol. I, Stuttgart, pp. 103–7.K.Pearson, 1890, "On Wöhler's experiments on alternating stress", Messeng. Math.20:21–37.J.Gilchrist, 1900, "On Wöhler's Laws", Engineer 90:203–4.ASD
См. также в других словарях:
Line graph — This article is about the mathematical concept. For statistical presentation method, see line chart. In graph theory, the line graph L(G) of undirected graph G is another graph L(G) that represents the adjacencies between edges of G. The name… … Wikipedia
Theorem — The Pythagorean theorem has at least 370 known proofs[1] In mathematics, a theorem is a statement that has been proven on the basis of previously established statements, such as other theorems, and previously accepted statements … Wikipedia
Theorem der endlos tippenden Affen — Durch zufälliges Tippen von unendlicher Dauer auf einer Schreibmaschine werden mit Sicherheit alle Texte Shakespeares oder diverser Nationalbibliotheken entstehen. Das Infinite Monkey Theorem (v. engl. infinite „unendlich“; monkey „Affe“; theorem … Deutsch Wikipedia
Pythagorean theorem — See also: Pythagorean trigonometric identity The Pythagorean theorem: The sum of the areas of the two squares on the legs (a and b) equals the area of the square on the hypotenuse (c) … Wikipedia
Desargues' theorem — Perspective triangles. Corresponding sides of the triangles, when extended, meet at points on a line called the axis of perspectivity. The lines which run through corresponding vertices on the triangles meet at a point called the center of… … Wikipedia
Newton's theorem of revolving orbits — Figure 1: An attractive force F(r) causes the blue planet to move on the cyan circle. The green planet moves three times faster and thus requires a stronger centripetal force, which is supplied by adding an attractive inverse cube force. The … Wikipedia
Sylvester–Gallai theorem — The Sylvester–Gallai theorem asserts that given a finite number of points in the Euclidean plane, either all the points are collinear; or there is a line which contains exactly two of the points. This claim was posed as a problem by J. J.… … Wikipedia
Descartes' theorem — For other uses, see Descartes theorem (disambiguation). In geometry, Descartes theorem, named after René Descartes, establishes a relationship between four kissing, or mutually tangent, circles. The theorem can be used to construct a fourth… … Wikipedia
Monge's theorem — In geometry, Monge s theorem, named after Gaspard Monge, states that for any three circles in a plane, none of which is inside one of the others, the three intersection points of the three pairs of external tangent lines are in fact collinear.… … Wikipedia
Ham sandwich theorem — In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the ham sandwich theorem, also called the Stone–Tukey theorem after Arthur H. Stone and John Tukey, states that given n objects in n dimensional space, it is possible to divide all of them in half… … Wikipedia
Menelaus' theorem — Menelaus theorem, case 1: line DEF passes inside triangle ABC Menelaus theorem, named for Menelaus of Alexandria, is a theorem about triangles in plane geometry. Given a triangle ABC, and a transversal line that crosses BC, AC and AB at points D … Wikipedia